The War Of The American Revolution - 1567 Words

The American Revolutionary War began in the middle1700s and ended with the Treaty of Paris signed in 1783. When looking at both sides of the argument I still believe the British were to blame for igniting the flames of revolution. A lot of people will argue that the British were fair in the treatment of the early American Colonists and provided for them as they did for their countrymen remaining in England. In my opinion the colonists were regarded as nothing more than a slave. By this, I mean that the colonists were basically used to work the land to provide crops which were normally imported from other countries to England. Since they were considered Englishmen and their lands considered property of the crown, the British could pass laws taking from them their basic rights as men. Three contributing factors for the outbreak of the American Revolution were the king’s taxes, neglect of the 13 colonies and England’s mercantilism policy (Strum, 44). The British thought of the colonists as their primary asset in their practice of mercantilism, which at times may have been profitable for the colonists. Ultimately it became a primary reason for the beginning of social unrest among the early Americans. While when it became convenient the British came in and started putting restrictions on them. As many in their position, the colonists rebelled against the new found interest in the societies they labored to build, that for so long went unnoticed. British taxation was one of theShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The American Revolution1207 Words   |  5 PagesNo conflict in American history is as well-known then the American Revolutionary war. War between the colonies and Great Britain began in April of 1775 and, in a years’ time, the conflict will grow into one of the most arduous wars ever fought. After eight years of a hard-fought war, the colonists eventually won their independence over the British. Rooted in the conflict are countless causes and eve nts that ultimately shaped the country into how it is today. The American Revolution also influencedRead MoreThe War Of The American Revolution2393 Words   |  10 PagesThe American Revolution was a political cataclysm between the Monarchy of Great Britain and the thirteen North American colonies. The revolution lasted from 1765 to 1883, however, the armed conflict did not initiate until 19 April 1775, which became what is known as the American Revolutionary War, or the American War of Independence. The revolution was subsequently evoked by the outcomes of the Seven Years’ War (1754-1763) and the Treaty of Paris (1763), followed by a series of taxes and laws enforcedRead MoreThe War Of The American Revolution2351 Words   |  10 PagesThe events that led up to the American Revolution war were not big events but a series of small events when compounded together each created the catalyst to launch the colonists into revolt. The first of the events to create the spiral effect was the seven year war or the French and Indian War. That war was fought by British soldiers on several different continents. The biggest location was fought in the British colonies of North America. The British government wanted to expand their territoryRead MoreThe War Of The American Revolution Essay2260 Words   |  10 PagesEmpire and the British were making a profit from the trade; a win-win situation. But after the Seven Years War, it all shifted. The British were oppressing the colonists and the colonists were angry enough to revolt. The American Revolution was a major turning point in the First British Empire, which led to the British paying attention to the Pacific. What happened that turned the Americans from happy colonists to angry, revolting colonists? Taxes. The colonists felt so threatened by these taxesRead MoreThe American Revolution And American War Of Independence1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution or the American War of Independence was one o f the most remarkable wars in the history of the world. The motives behind the war can be interestingly explained by Zinn from the chapter Tyranny Is Tyranny in A People’s History of The United States: 1â€Å"Around 1776, certain important people in the English colonies made a discovery that would prove enormously useful for the next two hundred years. 2They found that by creating a nation, a symbol, a legal unity called the United StatesRead MoreAmerican Revolution : The American Revolutionary War923 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution is known as the war fought between American and Great Britain, for Americans freedom. The American Revolution is also commonly known as the American Revolutionary War, or the U.S War of Independence. The War itself only last a short eight years, it began in 1775 and ended in 1783, but tensions had been building up for centuries between the Great Britain and the colonies at the given time period. The American Revolutionary War until 1778 was a war of independence betweenRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War Of Independence964 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent aspects of the American Revolution and the war of Independence, especially consisting of the people directly involved within the Americas. Of course the people of the colonies were involved because they were the main participant in the war and the British were involved because that is who the colonies were fighting to gain independence from. The Indians were involved in a minor way, mainly on the British side. The African Americans also played a part in helping the Americans. The French also playedRead MoreThe War Of Independence And The American Revolution1572 Words   |  7 Pagesheard ‘round the world† initiated the war for independence by the American colonists against the British. There were many reasons why the American Revolution came to be, but the two main reasons were for unjustified taxing a cts against the colonists and to receive independence from their mother country England. In the Age of Revolution there were many wars taking place around the world and the American Revolution was one of them, the main objective of these wars was for the achievement of liberty.Read MoreThe American Revolution And The Civil War1567 Words   |  7 Pagesthe eyes of most, the American Revolution was a momentous event that shaped not only what would now be the America we know today but the whole world as well. However, this event had ramifications that affected the history of America for many years to come. In fact, many of those same ramifications led to what we know as the American Civil War. While it may be difficult to distinguish whether or not the Civil War was an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution due to lack of correlatingRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War Of Independence999 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution, also known as the U.S. War of Independence, goes back to 1765-1783. One of the major effects of the American Revolution was that the colonies became recognized as independent. It was now separated from Great Britain. France joined in and became our allies and helped the colonies in 1778. Since France joined the war, they turned a civil war into an international war. There were a lot of causes that led up to the beginning and the end of the war. There was a lot of causes that

“Be Strong,” the psycho woman said Free Essays

â€Å"Stuart you must learn to look on the bright side.† What bright side? I’m a sixteen year old lad and my cat has just died. Big deal you might think. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Be Strong,† the psycho woman said or any similar topic only for you Order Now But you weren’t the one in the washing machine, spinning round ten times a second! Poor cat. Dad thinks I’m mad. That’s why he sent me to the psycho woman in the first place. Well she’s a psychologist, and ok that wasn’t the only reason. My real mom had an affair and ran away with the postman. He just happened to be my dad’s brother, that’s all. Which sent me â€Å"Off the rails.† Or so they told me. I mean I’m not a train. I kept getting into trouble at school. You know, mixing with the wrong people, skipping classes at school, Stealing sweets, that kind of thing. Nothing really. What did they expect? Me to just except my moms gone and that I probably wont see her again. Plus the fact we wont get our mail delivered any more! No, I shouldn’t joke about it. There is a bright side! I’m laughing about it already. I’ve just realised I come from a broken home. Prison here I come! That was four months ago, and dads already got a new woman. ‘Ginger Gill!’ Bet you can’t guess what colour her hair is? There I go taking the mick again. Dad said I shouldn’t: â€Å"It’ll come back on you one day,† he bellows. Anyway I have a right, who calls there kid Stuart? I hate my name. After thinking long and hard, I have decided I am a tiny bit crazy. But only a bit. Who isn’t? Talking of crazy people: we live in front of a once nice green field, in Cornwall. I say once because ‘travellers’ moved in last week. Actually they are gypsies, but ‘travellers’ is the more polite way to say they are scruffy, no-hopers. I’m too cruel. Also, of course that’s what they call them on the news, so it has to be more polite. I kind of got talking to one of the gypsy girls, whilst walking my aunties dog, Bessie. She’s around my age (the girl not Bessie!) and quite good looking. But also a bit weird. She can’t pronounce her ‘R’s’, which is amusing. She was telling me about her grandmother, Rose. Or â€Å"Wose†, as she pronounces it. She said Rose could see into the future, and has been known to predict peoples’ lives. Very likely. She thought I should see her grandmother, as she could help me, more than any head doctor could. As if I need help. She was fascinating I thought. That’s a lie. It was boring. She was boring. The only thing she said that remotely interested me was that one of her other ‘gypo’ relatives, held the world record for the loudest burp. Now that was fascinating! It was when I got home, that I really took what the girl had said to me in. (‘the girl’-I didn’t catch her name! Oh well, ‘gypsy girl’ will do.) Maybe Rose could help me? After all I would like a few questions answered: Where is my mom? How could she leave me? Why did Casper (the cat) get into the washing machine? Why doesn’t ‘Ginger Gill’ dye her hair? There I go again! And most importantly, why is abbreviation such a long word? The next day, I wagged school. The psycho woman is really helping, don’t you think? Anyway I paid my gypsy friend another visit. This time I was introduced to her grandmother ‘Wose’. I mean Rose. I suppose I hoped she would be scruffy looking, with a crystal ball and a glass eye. But no, she looked pretty normal. As normal as a gypsy can look. Someone stop me! She was in her early sixties, I would say. She had long dark brown hair, covered in hair clips and beads. There had to be over one hundred. How did she hold up her head? She had a deep, manly voice, which was freaky. Disappointingly, both her eyes were real. I didn’t have chance to speak to her, as she had a headache, and went to bed. I’d have a headache, with all those hair accessories on my head. Me and Crystal, that was her name, I discovered, spoke for hours after. Today she didn’t seem so boring and dull. She said she hates living in a caravan. Who wouldn’t? She told me that her mom had died of cancer the previous year, and really missed her. Which made me feel stupid. I was upset that my mom had left, and the cat had died, well killed. She made me realise I should be grateful for who I am and what I have. See I can be serious. Crystal had arranged for me to visit ‘Gypsy Rose’, for one of her fortune-telling sessions. I really didn’t know what to expect. What if she told me my mom had become a stripper and was living under the sea? Ok, so that was not exactly going to happen. But she could tell me somethings I don’t want to hear. On the other hand, she could tell me Casper is ‘cat heaven’s’ answer to Brad Pitt. Either way I knew from tomorrow, my life would change. Who knows? I might even find out why abbreviation is such a long word! How to cite â€Å"Be Strong,† the psycho woman said, Papers

Component of Computer System free essay sample

Output devices: Monitor printer, plotter and voice output device, Modem, Automotive navigation system, Projector. Peripheral device that converts machine-readable information into people-readable information. Processing devices: CPU,  Motherboard, Chipset, bus, RAM. Hardware components process information within the computer system. Storage devices: Hard disk drives and  compact disk  drives. Hardware components allow data to be stored within a computer system. Software components of a computer system have no physical presence; they are stored in digital form within computer memory. System software is an  operating system  designed to operate and control the  computer hardware  and to provide a platform for running  application software. Utility software: anti-virus software, firewalls, disk defragmenters. Which helps to maintain and protect the computer system but does not directly interface with the hardware. Applications software: Web browsers, Office software, Games, Multimedia Software, Database Software, and Graphic Software. Designed to allow the user of the system complete a specific task or set of tasks. We will write a custom essay sample on Component of Computer System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Different  types of computer software. Programming software, system software and application software are the three main types of computer software used in computer networking. Programmers use the programming software to develop the programming languages necessary to run computer software. Compliers, interpreters, linkers and text editors are some of the basic tools used in programming software. System software offers a protective shield to all software applications. It also provides support to the physical components of computers. System software †¢ Operating system software(windows, Linux, Mac) †¢ Utility programs (anti-virus software, firewalls, disk defragmenters. †¢ Library programs †¢ Translator software (Compiler, assembler, interpreter) Application software is used for commercial purpose. The application software is widely used in educational, business and medical fields. Industrial automation, databases, business software and medical software prove to be of great help in the respective fields. Web browsers, Office software, Games, Multimedia Software, Database Software, and Graphic Software. Application software †¢ General purpose application software. †¢ Special purpose application software. †¢ Bespoke application software

Julius CaesarFate vs. Free Will Essay Example

Julius CaesarFate vs. Free Will Essay Julius Caesar Fate vs. Free Will In Julius Caesar, two forces compete for dominancefate and free will. Fate was portrayed as prophecies and omens. Free will was the character’s ability to overcome itwhich they tried and didn’t. Caesar, Cassius, and Brutus have troubles overcoming their fate in the play. In the end of the play, all three of them fall to their fatethis is Shakespeare’s way of showing the fine line between the two. Caesar’s fate was the most obvious to him and the readers. In the beginning we see how Caesar uses his power over his own fate by ignoring the soothsayer in the crowd that warns him of the ides of March. On the ides of March, Caesar confronts the soothsayer and tells him that it is now the day he was warned of but he doesn’t what the rest of the day holds for him. Earlier that day, Calphurnia tells Caesar about her dream and how everyone went to his statue to bathe their hands in the blood coming out of the statue in her dream (Act 2, sc. ii, 13-26). Decius Brutus goes to Caesar’s home and when he finds out that Caesar would not be going, he retells Calphurnia’s dream as a blessing upon him. On Caesar’s way to the Senate, Artemidorus attempts to warn him and show him the exact plan of his murder, but Caesar refuses since he is filled with pride at the moment. Through all the times that Caesar’s free will could have helped him save his own lifehe chose to ignore it, leading to his death. Cassius was very aware of his own fate up to the very end. He took the largest precautions to overcome it. We will write a custom essay sample on Julius CaesarFate vs. Free Will specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Julius CaesarFate vs. Free Will specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Julius CaesarFate vs. Free Will specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cassius believed in the Epicurean philosophy (gods do not involve themselves directly into the fate of man), which was highlighted when his famous fate quote was said to Brutus (Act 1, sc. ii, 139-141). Cassius thought that he could always do something to make his current position in life better. Cassius desire was to make sure that Caesar would not become emperor, but Caesar’s fate was to become the emperor. Because he was so driven by this desire, he went out of his way to kill Caesar. Later on, Cassius changes his mind and sees that the gods are not looking upon their mission too favorably. He died by his own sword, seeing that the eagles presented his fate which was too much to overcome. Brutus always believed that bad things would not happen to good people. Brutus went along with the flow of things and accepted whatever happened. This requires Cassius to go to extreme measures to convince Brutus to join the conspirators. Brutus’ form of death was pure apathy. He dreamed of Caesar’s ghost and being reunited with him at the battle of Philippi. In the end of the battle, he falls upon his own sword and fulfills his dream. Shakespeare gives off the message that failing to acknowledge your fate will lead to permanent consequences such as death. Cassius accepted his fate in the end. Brutus was never strong with using his free will, but he died like Cassius. Caesar’s control over his free will was just as weak as Brutus, but Caesar took a nobler approach at defying it. All three of their deaths show an example of how you should use your free will very carefully and if you let your guard down†¦you fate will get the better of you and being careless will cost you greatly.

Study of the key Mergers Acquisitions of Banco Santande (2002-2010) The WritePass Journal

Study of the key Mergers Acquisitions of Banco Santande (2002-2010) References Study of the key Mergers Acquisitions of Banco Santande (2002-2010) ABSTRACT   1. 0 INTRODUCTION  2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW3.0 RECENT HISTORY –3.1 Origins Growth3.2 Main economic and legal environments in main market –3.3 Strategic developments (2002-2010)3.4 Business Opportunities3.5 Long term performance in stock market – 4.0 Empirical Supports 4.5.1 Liquidity ratio4.5.2 Profitability ratio4.5.2.1 Return on equity4.5.2.2 Return on capital employed4.5.2.3 Return on Assets4.5.2.4 Cost-Income ratio4.5.3 Investment valuation ratios4.5.3.1 Dividend payout ratio (DPR)4.5.3.1 Earnings per share (EPS)ConclusionReferencesRelated ABSTRACT Mergers and acquisitions (MA) play a vital role in the corporate finance world. For many companies, M A is source of external growth when company organic growth has already reached at peak. Globalisation of the world economy allows company expanding their operations and also competes against the domestic players through mergers and acquisitions. This study highlights the success story of acquisition of UK bank â€Å"Abbey National† by Spanish Bank – â€Å"Banco Santander† in November 2004.This acquisition profoundly transformed the Group Santanders business profile, provided the growth opportunity in most profitable attractive market, diversified the risk and substantially increased the market capitalisation. This study examines the Santander strategic development post acquisition, impact on their financial performance also their long term performance in stock market. This cross – border M A has been very beneficial for the Santander. Santander continu es to focus on delivering value for shareholders through organic growth and acquisitions. Analysis of the topic has been demonstrated by several examples. The data and the information source are publisher’s websites, literatures, news, and, various articles.    1. 0 INTRODUCTION Privatisation and deregulation have brought substantial changes in the financial markets since the 1970s. In 1980 deregulation was encouraged in the EU which brought major structural change. Introduction of the single currency in Europe was example of further deregulation, which encouraged countries to open their markets to foreign competition. Abbey National had gone through a big transformation in the last century from a building society, to successful bank and finally to a bid on the market. Abbey National was a well-established domestic name in the UK. It has been a successful business in the past. Abbey National proceeded to expand through mergers and acquisition in order to maintain its market position, however, diversification of its core businesses and a lack of focus resulted in large losses for the group from year 2001 had total loss of  £984million in 2003. In 2001 the Lloyds TSB placed offer to takeover, which was likely to result in a large market share ownership within the UK by one bank. This was overturned by Competition Commission and the Office of Fair Trading as it was against the public interest. Santander realised Abbey National as a safe investment compared to its Latin American banks that have been losing money for the last two years. Moreover, this acquisition for Santander was a new interest in retail banking, which was Abbey National’s strength. Abbey National plc and Banco Santander Central Hispano, SA reached an agreement on the terms of a recommended acquisition by Banco Santander of Abbey on 26 July 2004, which was formally approved by the courts and Abbey became part of Grupo Santander on 12 November 2004.   2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Mergers and acquisitions are source of external growth when organic growth is not possible. For smaller companies there is constant threat to their continued independent existence by the big player/competitor. The terms Mergers takeover are synonymously used although there is narrow distinction between the two. Merger is reorganisation of assets into a new organisation having agreement of both their shareholders. Merger involves company of similar size which reduces the dominance of each other. A take over is acquisition of the ordinary shareholders capital by another company. This may be financed by cash payment, an issue of securities or a combination of both. In acquisition bidding company is larger and dominant than the target company. Broadly takeovers can be classified into following three categories – â€Å"Horizontal takeover† – Company operating in the same industry and similar stage of production â€Å"Vertical takeover† – Operating at different stages production within the same industry. Vertical takeover may be a move forward in the production process to secure distribution outlet, or a move backward in the production process to secure the raw material supply. â€Å"Conglomerate takeover†- Combining two companies operating in different area of business. When there is international dimension involve it is called cross border acquisition. Justification for acquisitions – â€Å"Economic† â€Å"Synergy† – â€Å"When assets and /or operations of two companies complement each other, so that sum of their combined output is more than individual some†. â€Å"Economies of scale† – â€Å"Similar to above as the scale of operation is larger and better efficiencies/ output are experienced1.† â€Å"Elimination of inefficient management† – â€Å"Acquisition helps replacing inefficient manager by efficient managers leading to deliver better performance and output1.† â€Å"Entry to new markets† – â€Å"Entry to new geographical and business area right from scratch may not be an economical option so acquisition is chosen as efficient route to expansion.† â€Å"To provide critical mass† – â€Å"Smaller companies experience lack of credibility because of their small size. Because of the increasing importance of R D and brand investment, merging company’s pool resources to establish critical mass required to provide cash flows to finance such requirements1.† â€Å"Means of providing growth† – When company finds organic growth difficult then this strategy will be a quick solution for providing growth. â€Å"Market Power share† – Horizontal acquisitions increases market share and earn monopoly profits, whereas vertical acquisition increase company power in raw material or distribution. 2.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Financial â€Å" â€Å"Financial synergy† – If the cost of capital decreases as a direct result of acquisition. In conglomerate takeover because of lack of correlation between the cash flows of different companies reduces the volatility of cash flow. These results in reduced business risk and cost of capital may decreases. â€Å"Target undervaluation† – â€Å"Target company’s shares are undervalued where capital markets are not efficient as a result company may be a bargain buys†. â€Å"Tax consideration† – Tax exhausted company will be benefited with the acquisition of non tax exhausted company so that tax allowable benefits can be brought forward which may offset capital allowance interest. â€Å"Increasing earning per share† – â€Å"Earning per share increases if the bidding company has a higher price/earning ratio than its target company†. 3.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Managerial Motives† – This may also arise if managers are more concerned satisfying their own objective rather than with increasing the wealth of shareholders. Sometimes motives behind such acquisitions are to increase managers pay power. Factors influencing takeovers trends are as follows (i)â€Å"Booming Stock exchange† – With the increase in share prices it attracts the bidding company to have acquisition of the target company. (ii) Increase in company’s real liquidity and profitability encourages takeover. (iii)   Deregulation external source of finance (debt) more easily available in the market. 3.0 RECENT HISTORY – 3.1 Origins Growth The Abbey National Building Society was formed following the merger of two long standing building societies in 1944. During the period of 1970 and 1980 it gained reputation for innovation changes. In 1988, Abbey National plc was incorporated as a bank and in 1989 the Society transferred business to Abbey National plc. September 11th attack in New York Enron turned out in 2001 damaged confidence in various financial areas. From this point, Abbey struggled from financial losses and a tarnished image. In 2003, the brand name was shortened to Abbey. There was major reorganization of the bank in September 2003. In 2004 it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Grupo Santander of Spain After two successive years of losses Abbey returned to profit in 2004 even though there was big cost of reorganization post acquisition charges ( £564 million). Abbey was renamed Santander UK in January 2010. Table 1 – Grupo Santanders Performance comparison in Year 2004 2005 Source – Santander Annual Report 2005 santandershareholder.com/financial-information/reports-and-publications/ Table 2- Abbey Full Year Results for the Year 2004 2005- Source Abbey 2005 Full Year Results – aboutsantander.co.uk/investors/financial-results-and-presentations/2005.aspx 3.2 Main economic and legal environments in main market – There has been a good economic environment for business growth till 2007. Market was hit by deep recession in 2008 which continued till 2009. Year 2010 saw the recovery. Table 3 – Main Economic highlights 3.3 Strategic developments (2002-2010) Santander Consumer continued to develop its two-pronged growth strategy organic and selective acquisitions with excellent results. Banco Santander has expanded its operations aggressively with several acquisitions in the last decade. Santander strategy is to follow the business model of proven success in European and Latin American countries, and was applied in Abbey. The pillars of this model are Focus on retail banking Diversification, efficiency Prudence in risks Balance sheet strength Flexible style of management, which enables them take advantage of business opportunities Adapt easily to the countries where they operate and to the changes and new challenges. 3.4 Business Opportunities On 26 July 2004 â€Å"Banco Santander Central Hispano† announced the acquisition of â€Å"Abbey National plc†, the acquisition was formally approved by the courts on 12 November 2004. In June 2006, â€Å"Banco Santander Central Hispano† purchased almost 20% of Sovereign Bank. In May 2007 consortium â€Å"Banco Santander Central Hispano†, â€Å"Royal Bank of Scotland† and â€Å"Fortis† made an offer to takeover â€Å"ABN AMRO†. In October 2007 acquired â€Å"ABN AMRO†. As part of the deal, â€Å"Grupo Santander† acquired â€Å"ABN AMROs† subsidiary in Brazil and its subsidiary in Italy. On 13 August 2007, â€Å"Banco Santander Central Hispano† changed its legal name to â€Å"Banco Santander†. In November 2007, it sold Banca Antonveneta to Monte dei Paschi di Siena. In March 2008, Banco Santander sold Interbanca, a subsidiary of Banca Antonveneta, to GE Commercial Finance In July 2008   it intended to takeover the UK bank Alliance Leicester, the acquisition was completed in October 2008.This was followed by the acquisition of the savings business of UK bank Bradford Bingley (BB) in September 2008. The banks, along with Abbey, are to be merged together under the Santander name in the UK by the end of 2010 These acquisitions saw Santander managing diversified portfolio which reduced the risk and also provided a profitable growth to emerge as the largest financial in the world. Santander’s continues to focus on the attraction, engagement, development, progression and retention of its senior leaders. 3.5 Long term performance in stock market – Table 4- Stock market Key Performance for Santander 2002- 2010 The above table shows Santander Group robust performance in the last decade. Share prices had doubled prior to the 2008 when there was worldwide recession and stock prices tumbled down. Company has shown a great resilient performance and recovered slowly to a steady growth position. Figure 1 – Share Prices of Banco Santander Figure 2 – Market Capitalisation of Banco Santander 4.0 Empirical Supports Table 5 Key Ratios Performance of Banco Santander 4.5.1 Liquidity ratio Liquidity ratio shows companys ability to repay short-term creditors out of its total cash. The liquidity ratio is the result of dividing the total cash by short-term borrowings. Current ratio = Current Assets/Current liabilities Figure 3 – Current Ratio of Banco Santander 4.5.2 Profitability ratio These ratios express the company ability to generate earnings as compared to its expense. Various measures used in this analysis are Return on equity (ROE), return on capital employed (ROCE), and return on asset (ROA) . 4.5.2.1 Return on equity Return on equity (ROE) – This measures rate of return on the ownership interest. It’s efficiency of generating profits from every units of shareholders equity. This is expressed as following formula ROE = Net profit after taxes/Average shareholders’ equity Figure 4 – ROE of Banco Santander 4.5.2.2 Return on capital employed This measure earning with capital invested in the company. This is expressed as ratio of earning before interest taxes to the capital employed. Capital employed is represented as total asset less current liabilities or fixed asset plus working capital. ROCE = Net profit after taxes/Capital Employed Figure 5 – ROCE of Banco Santander 4.5.2.3 Return on Assets This measures the profitability of company’s assets in generating revenue. This is ratio of Net Income to mode of total asset. ROA = Net profit after taxes / Total Assets Figure 6 – ROA of Banco Santander 4.5.2.4 Cost-Income ratio This is measure of efficiency. This measure change of cost compare to income. It directly affects the profit margin.   As the efficiency decreases means cost decreases or income increase or increase in cost is less compared to income. This results in improved margin. Figure 7 – Efficiency of Banco Santander 4.5.3 Investment valuation ratios Investment ratio is measure of returns in future. This is an anticipated value/Forecast on the investment. 4.5.3.1 Dividend payout ratio (DPR) This ratio measures the percentage of earnings (net income) per common share allocated to paying cash dividends to shareholders. Dividend payout ratio is indicates the earnings of dividend by every share against the earning per share. DPR= Dividends per common share/Earnings per share. Figure 8 – DPR of Banco Santander- 4.5.3.1 Earnings per share (EPS) This express part of a companys profit allocated to each outstanding ordinary share. Earning Per Share is a measure/tool used by investors to asses profitability based on the number of shares they hold/own. EPS = (Net Income – Dividends on preferred stocks)/Average outstanding ordinary shares Figure 9 – EPS of Banco Santander Conclusion In this study the research has been carried out on the M A in general and role of M A on the financial performance of Banco Santander in particular. Deregulation of having single currency Europe wide globalisation opened the market for foreign companies to expand their operation compete against domestic players. This acquisition is a case of cross- border where Santander got opportunity of acquiring diversified portfolio which reduced risk in their business. Ratios such as Liquidity, Profitability, Investors, Gearing Returns have been considered pre post acquisition for analysis in order to understand the financial performance of the bank in the last decade. Santander continued to grow organically and also followed very aggressive cross border acquisitions as a strategy. Santander has shown a very robust performance post acquisition. In 2005 after acquisition of Abbey Santander profits soar group shown 35% rise in profit during the first six months. Overall rise was 44% in the year. Santander continued acquisitions and business growth has been significant year on year basis. Santander performance has been resilient during recession and shown great recovery in 2010. Assets, Market Capitalisation, Profits, Earning Per Share has shown significant growth in the last ten year. High profitability led Santander to pay high dividend to share holders. Santander continues to focus on shareholder values and paid big returns to share holderâ€⠄¢s money. Santander emerged as world’s biggest financial group in a decade. References Watson, D. Head, A (2010) Corporate Finance: Principles Practices, Abbey National (2004) History According to aboutabbey.com Abbey National (2004) Annual Report According to www.abbeynational.co.uk BBC News (2001) A battle for Abbey National According to http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1170339.stm BBC News (2003) Abbey National slumps into losses According to http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2799905.stm Forbes (2004) Abbey National Shareholders OK Takeover According to www.forbes.com Taylor. G (2003) UK Building Society demutualization motives Business Ethics, Volume 12 Issue 4 Page 394 Webster. J (2001) Final Thematic Report – Retail Financial Services According to www.tcd.ie/erc/Servemploi/reportspdf/FinalThRep/sevthrefiancial.PDF  5th Edition, Harlow: Prentice Hall http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_National aboutsantander.co.uk/ â€Å"www.google.co.uk† aboutsantander.co.uk/investors/financial-results-and- presentations/2005.aspx santandershareholder.com/financial-information/reports-and-publications/

Affirmative action at the work place Essay Example for Free

Affirmative action at the work place Essay ? Affirmative action is a concept used as a justice seeking tool comprising of policies to address intimidating aspects of a non dominant or minor group. Such groups include women, minority men and physically disabled people. Affirmative action increases these groups access to facilities such as employment and education. The motivation for affirmative action comes in times when a perception or actual negative aspect towards a certain group is experienced, but illegal according to legislative bodies. It is also applied in learning and service delivery institutions such as police forces, hospitals or universities to motivate them to act more responsibly to the people they represent. According to Bulman (2006), affirmative action at the work place is a concept that should be applied in all departments. This is because many working places are characterized by cultural, social and political diversity (p.45). This is to say that people come from different communities, races, religions, political backgrounds, gender, national origins, and age, physical and mental health capabilities. This calls for affirmative action to fight for the weak mass within the working place, as these upgrades the workforce diversity. Racial and gender based discrimination in a working environment comes in the areas of granting jobs, in promotional programs and admission to institutions causing unfairness and inhumanity aspects in the working environment. Affirmative action in an employment environment illustrates both the prescriptive indicators and double edge quality in working together. Strong form of affirmative action should be the abolishment of race and sex consciousness in the times of hiring, promotion and in layoff preferences. Â  The need and essentiality of constructing integrated society in the workplace is to develop a forward looking and pragmatic staff. The diversity bestowed on company employees signifies diversity in its location and therefore employers need a law to govern them for maintenance of the diversity. The ideology of preferences among equally qualified applicants has a negative perception at this time when diversity is so widely acknowledged. The support extended to workplace diversity leaves open both questions of means and ends. Enhancement of affirmative action can literally be done through encouraging application from disadvantaged groups during recruitment programs. As a result, some preferences may be extended to the groups perceived to be underrepresented. Affirmative action should be mostly adopted by government organizations for they are highly affected by discrimination along ethnicity and gender lines (Loury, 2003, p.13). Adoption of this will make state parties to diminish or eliminate situations which help in perpetuating discrimination. For the government to assist implementation of this, each company should be given some legal minimum requirements to comply, in the area of representation by the disadvantaged groups in their various departments of work. The matters of concern that should be addressed are equity ownership, representation within management, employee level up to board of directors level, procurement of businesses and other several social investment programs. Affirmative action prevents discrimination in lines with hiring bias, promotion, job assignment, compensation, retaliation and all sorts of harassments. Work place is a unique and important site for development of corporative and social ties of different groups. It has of late become the centre for corporation, socialization, and solidarity, which emerge as primary features of human psychology. This has also been tightened by affirmative action move, which has promoted equity in opportunity and demographic heterogeneity and the imposition of rudimentary virtues of freedom of association and communication (Mellot, 2006, p.7). The conventionality in the diversity argument hardly spins the value of demographic based on heterogeneity and is mostly made to ensure work place integration. The process of affirmative action thus starts with pooling different people of different identities and backgrounds together. Different experiences and attitudes thought to correspond to demographic variations in the work place are eroded easily, thus emphasizing on common ground and connectedness across the difference lines. In places where many people live and work together elements like friction in decision making, turnover and dissatisfaction are eminent. The challenge is devising the ways and means to ameliorate the emerging tensions. In the employment context, workers should be protected equally and completely rule out employment abuses such as unequal treatment of treating employees, job applicants and former employees due to differences in a group membership. Employers have to take care of pregnant mothers or related medical conditions. It is against affirmative action move to discriminate workers in lines of discharging, hiring, compensating, terms provision, conditions and employment related privileges (Mellot, 2006, p. 9). From societal point of it, the employees form a part of society. They have to take that as their own community, live in it and a system of governance should exist within. Application of many cooperative interracial interactions in the workplace ensures the living together and governance. Because of the diversity brought in by the globalization process, interactions that lead to reasonable and controllable frictions should be allowed to pave way to brainstorming and creativity. From the societal calculus, the side of the employer is less considered. Affirmative action at the work place. (2018, Nov 09).

Early Modernism and Art Nouveau - A Comparison Essay

Early Modernism and Art Nouveau - A Comparison - Essay Example The essay "Early Modernism and Art Nouveau - A Comparison" compares two movements of art and architect. Architecture is on such sphere of human activity that though discernibly has utilitarian objectives, also tends to be a pivotal medium of human expression. Architecture is also an art form whose scope and nature is directly susceptible to the times in which it is placed, responding pragmatically and aesthetically to the raw materials in vogue and the primary social and artistic concerns of the generation of which it tends to be a product of. Taking architecture in the context of time, early Modernism and Art Nouveau happen to be two important movements in the sphere of art and architecture. In an academic perspective, it will be immensely enlightening to dissect the essentials of these two art movements in a comparative context. Within the realm of architecture, early Modernism was primarily associated with the simplification of form. It primarily relied for the accrual of ornament al appeal, on the theme and structure of the intended structure. Early Modernism initiated its nascent reverberations during the start of the twentieth century. It was directly influenced by the times of its genesis in the sense that it attempted to respond to the ensuing modernization of society and the accompanying technological developments. It would not be wrong to say that early Modernism tried to reconcile the principles of architecture to the two aforementioned trends. Early modernism borrowed themes from varied architectural styles.

Importance of Maintaining Accurate Financial Statements Research Paper

Importance of Maintaining Accurate Financial Statements - Research Paper Example The paper will explore why accurate financial statements are important for outside business interests Customers Customers are external parties that deal with the company by purchasing its products and services and are therefore interested in the financial statement of a company that needs to be accurate. Customers would be interested in the accurate financial statement for them to be able to know how the company spends its funds and manages its debts. Accurate statement of financial position and statement of comprehensive income will show the customers how the company is performing in terms of the profits the company makes relative to the debts it incurs, or the amount the company spends on its marketing strategies in comparison with operations (Horngren, Harrison & Oliver, 2012). A customer would be interested in the financial statement for them to be able to gage whether the company is profitable and would continue as a going concern. If the financial statement reflects that the co mpany may go under receivership, the customer may get a good picture and strategies on where they will get their products in case the business collapses a\s reflected in the financial statement. ... Customers require that the companies they deal with handle themselves responsively toward the environment and giving back to the society through corporate social responsibility. Therefore, accurate financial statement should contain corporate social responsibility that customers have become increasingly looking for in the company. This is because through financial statement customers would be able to know whether their preferred companies measure the overheads, returns, and their impacts on corporate responsibility initiative (Williams & Williams, 2006). Customer is always interested in knowing the plans of the management. This can be known only through an accurate financial statement that contains the section of executive manager’s discussions and analysis of what had happen in the past and the future prospects. The management analysis is also considered as one way by which customers who does not understand other parts of the financial statement can gain some important inform ation pertaining to company’s plans. Shareholders The shareholders of a company would also be interested in an accurate financial statement so that they can be able to determine whether their investments are being utilized effectively. This would be reflected in the Statement of financial position. Through financial statement, shareholders would be able to know whether the company is profitable and is likely to pay dividends in the near future or not (Horngren, Harrison & Oliver, 2012). Creditors Creditors just like the customers use financial statements in a number of ways. They use the statement of financial position to know the company’s

Bear Minimum Essay Example for Free

Bear Minimum Essay The lease of a combustion turbine by Big Bear Power from Goliath Co includes three provisions that we must examine to determine whether they should be included in the â€Å"minimum lease payment† as defined in ASC 840. Provision 1 This provision involves Big Bear paying $500,000 to its external counsel, and $1 million of legal fees to Goliath Co. The $1 million fee to Goliath Co. should be included in the minimum lease payment. This is supported by 840-10-25-6 which states: Fees that are paid by the lessee to the owners of the special-purpose entity for structuring the lease transaction†¦shall be included as part of minimum lease payments. The $500,000 to its external counsel should not be included because it was not an obligatory cost for the lease. Provision 2 To determine if the penalty payment from a default would be included in the minimum lease payment, we look at ASC 840-10-25-14: [Default covenants related to nonperformance do not affect lease classification if all of the following conditions exist: a. The default covenant provision is customary in financing arrangements. b. The occurrence of the event of default is objectively determinable (for example, subjective acceleration clauses would not satisfy this condition). c. Predefined criteria, related solely to the lessee and its operations, have been established for the determination of the event of default. d. It is reasonable to assume, based on the facts and circumstances that exist at lease inception, that the event of default will not occur. In applying this condition, it is expected that entities would consider recent trends in the lessees operations. If any of those conditions do not exist, then the maximum amount that the lessee could be required to pay under the default covenant shall be included in minimum lease payments for purposes of applying paragraph 840-10-25-1] The first condition about the default covenant provision being customary does exist due to the note stating that â€Å"this is a customary provision in  leasing arrangements†. The company has positive cash flow and is in compliance with all its debt covenants, which supports Big Bear’s belief that the chance of default is low. Thus conditions 2 and 4 are met. Condition 3, which involves predetermined criteria in case of a default, does not seem to have been met. Since not all the conditions have been met, the default payment covenant shall be included in the minimum lease payment. Provision 3 This provision states that Big Bear’s rent of $1 million will increase by the same percentage increase in the CPI. The most recent annual increase in CPI was 4%. 840-10-25-4 states that â€Å"lease payments that depend on an existing index or sate, such as the CPI or prime interest rate, shall be included in minimum lease payments based on the index†. Therefore after the first year, the minimum lease payment will rise by $40,000 per year or $3,333.33 per month.

Analysis Of A Motivational Speech By Queen Elizabeth I -- essays resea

The human desires of greed, wealth, and power have been embedded into the world's history as political figures have led invasions of other countries countless numbers of times. Whether invaded or being invaded, a country requires strong and capable leaders to see them through this difficult time. In 1588, Queen Elizabeth I of England gave a motivational speech to her troops using the rhetorical devices of diction, imagery, and sentence structure to motivate her subjects positively and to instill the fear of the pending invasion in their hearts. The queen uses positive diction, sentence structure, and imagery in her effort to motivate her people to defend their country from their Spanish invaders. She uses diction to praise and motivate her subjects. The queen refers to her people as "faithful" and "loving," praising their "loyal[ty]" and "goodwill." These positive words allow her subjects to see her as a caring, kind leader whose praise urges them to fight for their country. She also uses the words "noble" and "worthy" to describe her people's task of protecting their country against invasion. The use of such praising words makes her people see the task as important, and it will instill a sense of duty in their hearts to protect their kingdom. The queen further motivates her people by implementing the use of sentence structure. In the beginning of her speech, she says, "we have been persuaded." In the second half of her first sentence, she says, "I a ssure you I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people." Her use of the royal "we" and then her transition to "I" symbolizes her descent from the throne literally to speak to her troops on the field and figuratively by referring to herself as I. This will encourage the troops to see her as a fellow Englishman and not a distant queen. The queen also uses sentence structure when she says, "I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder," and, "By your obedience.., by your concord.., and your valor.., we shall shortly have a famous victory." She speaks listing three things at a time, giving her speech rhythm. The mention of her three positions shows her as generous and powerful, causing her troops to respect and admire her. The listing of the three characteristics of her... ...age of the queen actually picking up a weapon and marching into battle with her troops. The importance of this image is that it encourages the troops to pledge their loyalty to their queen who seems willing to fight alongside them. The queen also scorns those who "dare to invade the boarders of my [the queen's] realm." This creates an image of the pending invasion in the minds of her people. With a vivid portrait of the upcoming battles, her subjects realize that they must be brave and loyal in order to defend their country. Perhaps the most vivid image is that of the "heat of battle." A fire-swept battlefield comes into mind, and the fear of such a battle will motivate the queen's subjects to protect themselves from such future battles. Clearly, the queen, using the rhetorical devices of diction, imagery, and sentence structure, was able to motivate her subjects positively and to instill the fear of the pending invasion in their hearts. Her concise but powerful speech was exactly what her troops needed to hear before marching to battle. The queen with her speech secured their loyalty and trust, and her oratory helped unify her people in their time of crisis.

John Langdon Essay

Who is John Langdon? John Langdon was one of the two first senators of the state of New Hampshire. Early on in his political life, Langdon was a supporter always of the Revolutionary War and then later served in the Continental Congress. After serving in Congress, Langdon turned a different direction and became governor of New Hampshire. He could have run for vice president of the United States but turned it down. He was a great part in America’s history and grew up with America as it has turned out to be today. John Langdon was played many roles in our country today including: a patriot, a soldier, and a statesman. Langdon’s family was one of the first to settle near the middle of New Hampshire’s river, the Piscataquis River. John was then taught as a kid growing up by an educator at a school near by. John Langdon’s father asked John and his brother, Woodbury, to join along on his successful agricultural business. They both ended up becoming apprentices of local merchants. Langdon was an unstationary man, as by the age of twenty-one he was captain sailing to the West Indies, and four years later John owned his first merchantman. His brother was even more successful. They both began to do the trade business and by 1770 both men were accounted as the wealthiest citizens in the area. In 1777, Langdon turned his attention to a different subject. He wanted to help the soldiers. Since he was the lower speaker of the house for New Hampshire, he spent much time reorganizing and making the states militia stronger. He then split them up into two brigades. One brigade was centered in the east was to protect and prevent ambushes from the Royal Navy and support the New England states. The second brigade was organized in the west to guard from any sudden ambushes from Canada. Then lastly John Langdon is most famously known for being one of two delegates of New Hampshire at the Continental Congress. He was in Congress from 1775 to 1776, and then resigned in June 1776. He then became a superintendent for the construction of several ships of war. He was also a participant at the Battle of Bennnigton and led a group into Saratoga. Then in 1784 he was a member of the state senate, and then the president of New Hampshire in 1785 and 1788. Then in 1787 he was a member of the Continental Congress and a delegate of New Hampshire. He led New Hampshire from the beginning of his life till the very end. From 1805-1811 he was the governor of New Hampshire. He then died in Portsmouth, New Hampshire on September 18th 1819 and was buried in the North Cemetery. John Langdon was not a huge part of America’s course of history was he was overall a big part of New Hampshire. He was a leader of that state was the moment his family first lived there to dying and being buried there. I think New Hampshire should recognize more of what John Langdon did for their state. My name is Crystal Moreland and I am a Field Organizer for Congresswoman Shelley Berkley’s campaign. I wanted to let you know that Brent Martelli has contacted me about his volunteer time with the campaign. We are very excited to have him and would be more than happy to show him all the different aspects of what goes on in a campaign such as voter identification and event involvement. I think this is a great experience for your students to have and I very excited to get them involved. I hope they have a great experience and learn a lot!

Emily Dickinson – I Die for Beauty, but Was Scarce

I Died for Beauty, but was Scarce Emily Dickinson I died for Beauty — but was scarce Adjusted in the Tomb When One who died for Truth, was lain In an adjoining room — He questioned softly â€Å"Why I failed†? â€Å"For Beauty†, I replied — â€Å"And I — for Truth — Themself are One — We Brethren, are†, He said — And so, as Kinsmen, met a Night — We talked between the Rooms — Until the Moss had reached our lips — And covered up — our names — Emily Dickerson's poetry often has similar discussion points (Paton). In a few of her poems, such as â€Å"I Died For Beauty,† she discusses death. However, while death would normally be considered a negative subject, she tends to take it from a different perspective (Chad). In her poem â€Å"I Died for Beauty† Emily Dickerson discusses how beauty and truth are one. The message that she gives the readers is that by being true to who you are, and dying with your values intact, you have lived a full life (Paton). When Emily Dickenson writes; â€Å"Adjusted in the Tomb When One who died for Truth, was lain In an adjoining room –â€Å" This gives sight to the reader understanding the speaker hardly had time to adjust to her tomb before a man was laid in another tomb right next to hers’. However the word â€Å"Tomb†, gives the poem an effect that makes it feel more cold, dark and even alone (Ulynie). This word is also given more emphasis on because the first letter is capitalized, even though it happens to be the last word in the line. When Dickinson writes; â€Å"He questioned softly â€Å"Why I failed†? † we can tell that the man asked the speaker why she died, she replied â€Å"†For Beauty†¦ † the reader then finds out that the man claims to have died for trust and he states that trust and beauty are the same thing, and in turn stating the they are both â€Å"Brethren†. Dickinson’s usage of term â€Å"Brethren† makes the reader suggest that their relationship is much stronger (Apran) than just an acquaintance and that they are both apart of or a m ember of this one this, which is death. However their companionship strengthens and we can now see this with the uses of the simile â€Å"And so, as Kinsmen met a Night, We talked between the Rooms,† which shows how the walls between their tombs is no obstacle for their communication. Also in the excerpt â€Å"Until the Moss had reached our lips — And covered up — our names –â€Å", which acts as an metaphor, suggests that the connection between the two are so strong that the loss of their speech and identity (symbolized by the moss covering up their names) through death, holds no barrier between them (Simran), as they are now deemed as one through their similar situations. This poem follows many of Dickinson’s typical formal patterns—the ABCB rhyme scheme, the rhythmic use of the dash to interrupt the flow helps to promote this rhythm and give way some rhymes (Chad). For example notice how some lines such as â€Å"’For Beauty’, I replied – ‘And I – for truth–†¦ † has a certain rhythm to it which is emphasized with the use of dashes. Whereas words such as â€Å"Tomb† and â€Å"Room†, â€Å"Brethren† and â€Å"Kinsmen† rhyme together and are also capitalized giving more focus to it in order to show its significance and importance. All of this adds in giving the poem its effect that even though it may seem a bit dark and gloomy there is also so a sense of acceptance and belonging.

Free Essays on Race And IQ

In a world where heroes are often in short supply, the story of Erin Brockovich is an inspirational reminder of the power of the human spirit. Her passion, tenacity and steadfast desire to fight for the rights of the underdog defied the odds. Erin Brockovich is a stirring, funny and unconventional drama based on true events, starring two-time Academy Award nominee Julia Roberts as the twice-divorced mother of three young children who sees an injustice, takes on the bad guy and wins. With no money, no job and no prospects on the horizon, Erin Brockovich (Roberts) is a woman in a tight spot. Following a car accident in which Erin is not at fault, she finds herself even worse off when her attorney fails to land her any kind of settlement. With nowhere else to turn, Erin pleads with her attorney Ed Masry (Albert Finney) to hire her at his law firm. It is there, while working, that Erin stumbles upon some medical records placed in real estate files. Confused, she begins to question the co nnection. She convinces Ed to allow her to investigate, where she discovers a cover-up involving contaminated water in a local community which is causing devastating illnesses among its residents. Although the local citizens are initially leery of becoming involved, Erin's persistence and the personal interest she takes in their lives makes them listen. A kindred spirit, Erin is one of them, and her ability to connect with them on their level makes them comfortable, ultimately earning their trust. Helping her out is her next door neighbor George (Aaron Eckhart), a Harley Davidson biker whose friendship and support allows her the time to pursue the case. Going door to door, she signs up over 600 plaintiffs, and Erin and Ed go on to receive the largest settlement ever paid in a direct-action lawsuit in U.S. history....$333 million. By triumphing over insurmountable odds, she is able to prove herself, and reinvent her life.... Free Essays on Race And IQ Free Essays on Race And IQ In a world where heroes are often in short supply, the story of Erin Brockovich is an inspirational reminder of the power of the human spirit. Her passion, tenacity and steadfast desire to fight for the rights of the underdog defied the odds. Erin Brockovich is a stirring, funny and unconventional drama based on true events, starring two-time Academy Award nominee Julia Roberts as the twice-divorced mother of three young children who sees an injustice, takes on the bad guy and wins. With no money, no job and no prospects on the horizon, Erin Brockovich (Roberts) is a woman in a tight spot. Following a car accident in which Erin is not at fault, she finds herself even worse off when her attorney fails to land her any kind of settlement. With nowhere else to turn, Erin pleads with her attorney Ed Masry (Albert Finney) to hire her at his law firm. It is there, while working, that Erin stumbles upon some medical records placed in real estate files. Confused, she begins to question the co nnection. She convinces Ed to allow her to investigate, where she discovers a cover-up involving contaminated water in a local community which is causing devastating illnesses among its residents. Although the local citizens are initially leery of becoming involved, Erin's persistence and the personal interest she takes in their lives makes them listen. A kindred spirit, Erin is one of them, and her ability to connect with them on their level makes them comfortable, ultimately earning their trust. Helping her out is her next door neighbor George (Aaron Eckhart), a Harley Davidson biker whose friendship and support allows her the time to pursue the case. Going door to door, she signs up over 600 plaintiffs, and Erin and Ed go on to receive the largest settlement ever paid in a direct-action lawsuit in U.S. history....$333 million. By triumphing over insurmountable odds, she is able to prove herself, and reinvent her life....

20th Century Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

20th Century Literature - Essay Example Humans produce their environment in a creative and beautiful way whether they are free of the yoke of physical needs or encumbered by it. They creatively prepare for their future activities and work out their production on the basis of their set priorities. Humans who are liberated from downright exploitations view their â€Å"life-activity† as an object of their own free will. Social consciousness is created through the establishment of legal and political foundations that are anchored in the human efforts to produce their social life via independently and requisitely becoming a member of a particular productive force. Relations of productions basically determine the fate of an individual’s productive growth in a specific social association. An individual has an independent or â€Å"pure† self-identity which stands apart from others. Yet, this uniqueness is shattered by the emergence of classes because of the forced dominant identity fashioned for each class; this partition between the personal and class distinctiveness is the merchandise of the bourgeoisie. In V.S. Naipaul’s â€Å"A Baker’s Story†, the protagonist who described himself as an extremely black man triumphantly composed a rag-to-riches history through hard work, perseverance, optimism, and faith. Social forces around him were unfavorable to his disposition and yet he was able to transform these societal restraints to his personal growth through experience and creative planning. He did not allow external realities to hamper his original human nature which is the drive to succeed and achieve a life that is not fettered by physical needs but instead a life that is governed by self-actualization and constructive realities. History, according to Marx, is not an independent entity but rather a documentation of human struggles to realize their objectives. Prior to his success, the baker experienced an impoverished life due to his

Contract Remoteness of Damages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contract Remoteness of Damages - Essay Example Sometimes, breach are treated immaterially when the aggrieved party may not have actually suffered actual damage from the breach or may have and at other times, the other party is compelled to indemnify and perform accordingly to the agreed terms or pay minimal damages resulting to such breach. Other fundamental breach of contract treated as a grave offense against the agreement itself results to the termination of the performance of the contract thereby entitling the party to sue for damages. In anticipation of a probable breach, a party may sue for the termination of the contract and file for damages without the actual breach taking place. Consequently, the laws that provides a remedy for any breach of contract is commonly known by lawyers as the "rule of remoteness" that is determined by the contractual agreement, even when it is not covered in its express terms. Further the law has delegated and simplified the classification under non-pecuniary and pecuniary losses with the former commonly sought as a supportive argument in respect for personal injuries and deaths. Such differences are identified in a contract to measure the nature of breach of duty which the damage meant to undo and award is reflective in the underlying obligation. Sometimes, rather than argue for the actual obligation to take particular effect, the aggrieved party is keener on pressing charges with the pure knowledge of the allocation which the law has recognized. This has concurrently resulted and thereby pushed the limit to the losses for which the other party is actually responsible within at the time of conclusion of the agreement. This will i n fact result to people placing more emphasis in contract making which has been treated on the possible losses arising from its breach than the advantages gained from its performance. Law and jurisprudence dictates that in losses arising from the breach of contract, the remoteness of damages is governed by certain doctrines that treat the losses as fair and reasonable which in Hadley v. Baxendale [1854] is justified as, "according to the usual course of things" (non-pecuniary) and "supposed to be in contemplation of both parties at the time the contract was made" (pecuniary). Non-pecuniary damages are measured by the loss of bargain, wasted expenditures; and total failure of consideration under the Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978. A requirement common to both, of course, is that an injury must have been sustained by the claimant himself nonetheless, differs for while it is pecuniary in actual or compensatory damages, it is, upon the other hand, non-pecuniary in the case of actual damages. The actual loss under judicial discretion is a manifestation yet an assumption to be assessed under no accepted principle but upon which answers may be based. Under the question of significance, whatever reasonably appears to have been significant to the promisor in assuming the risk(Smith, 1997), setting the price and deciding in how much effort to expend in order to perform may be up to the value of an ordinary loss that was contemplated if in fact it did not occur. Guided by the principles of "quantum meruit", express agreements and fixed in a contract shall entitle the aggrieved to claim for what is agreed in

Respiration and Photosynthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Respiration and Photosynthesis - Essay Example These processes however differ in their reactants, products, stages, requirements, organisms and organelles in which they occur (Photosynthesis vs. Respiration 2012). Respiration is the set of chemical reactions in the cell cytoplasm and mitochondria that break-down sugars (glucose) in the presence of oxygen into energy in form of adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) and carbon IV oxide (Respiration 2014). This series of aerobic reactions are summarised in the chemical equation below; - a) Glycolysis; - This is the break-down of glucose, a six carbon compound to pyruvate, a three carbon compound in the cytoplasm, a process that yields two ATP molecules (Photosynthesis vs. Respiration 2012). A glucose (C6) molecule is energized by the addition of a high-energy phosphate from ATP, forming glucose-6-phosphate which is re-arranged split into two Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (C3); each Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate contributes 2 electrons to NAD+, an electron carrier as two (2) low energy Adenosine di phosphate (ADP) molecules are elevated to Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) by addition of inorganic phosphate leaving pyruvate (University of Chicago at Illinois 2009). b) Krebs cycle; - Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into Acetyl-coA which is shuttled into the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria. Acetyl-coA through interconversion of 4C compounds gives off two (2) Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) molecules, eight NADH and two FADH2 (University of Chicago at Illinois 2009). c) Electron transport chain; - The ten molecules of NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle are broken down in the mitochondrial matrix to form Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP); a process powered by an H+ proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the matrix (Photosynthesis vs. Respiration 2012). The enzyme ATP Synthase powers the formation of ATP by reducing the proton gradient through electron transport. The

Windows Server Deployment Proposal Rubric Paper Research

Windows Server Deployment Rubric Paper - Research Proposal Example The answer to this question is simple and straightforward. By creating VLAN it is possible to create smaller broadcast domains within layer 2 switched internetworks by assigning different ports on the switch to different sub networks. A VLAN is treated like its own subnet or broadcast domain, meaning that frames broadcast onto the network are only switched between the ports logically grouped within the same VLAN. A router is also needed in this network for inter-VLAN communication. VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP) is also useful in updating the databases of the switch with the VLAN information and on how trunking is applicable sending information from all VLANs across one link. Thus VLAN helps in the network management in the following aspects Before the new network was established IDLEWILD had the Wide Area Network. The network of IDLEWILD is was put up with the WAN links to the new location in the Houston Region. IDLEWILD has 2 regions as San Francisco and Derver in the present meaning that the 2 regions were merged together. The merging of the 2 regions caused nightmare in managing the IP addresses of the 2 regions all together. This is due to the reason that managing the IP address statically results in IP conflict and broadcasting. This led to complications of slow network connection and the staff can hardly communicate. The main purpose of this project is to resolve broadcast by sub netting and using VLAN. Sub netting allows the creation of multiple logical networks that exist within a single like Class A, Class B and Class C. In this scenario of IDLWILD we are using Class B network which we will subnet to have network 172.16.0.0. The natural mask is 255.255.0.0 or 172.16.0.0/16. Extending the mask to anything beyond 255.255.0.0 means you are sub netting. When you subnet you will have the ability to create a lot more subnets than with the Class C network. Using five bits from the original host bits for subnets will allow, to have 32 subnets

Business based analysis of Nestle

Business based analysis of Nestle Nestle, the largest FMSG Company is working all over the world with more than 500 factories in 86 countries making up of most of the continents. Henri Nestle set up Nestle in Switzerland customers are provided with more than 500 products by Nestle. Nestle was entitled by Henri Nestle. The logo of the company consists of his family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird protecting her young. The symbol of the company is associated with its care and attitude to lifelong nutrition. The Nestle nest bears the meaning of nourishment, security and sense of family that are important to life. Hr activities at Nestle Recruitment: The current report is that innumerable employees are engaged in Nestle,. Nestle hires most of the employees through a method. An opportunity of employment comes when some employees want to resign or there is an urgent need. But in case of these three situations the head of the department must have to obtain consent of the managing Director (MD). The Divisional Head fills up a Recruitment and Budgeted Form if the request is approved. Performance Appraisal: The corresponding manager or supervisor evaluate or Judge the Job performance of an employee by a method like performance appraisal, employee appraisal, and performance review or development discussion. The employees are given importance at their work place as the Nestle Company is absolutely dependent on the quality of its employees performance. The company pays incentives to its employees to encourage them to give better performance. Compensation Benefit: Compensation is a main thing of Nestle Real Rewards package, which forces the top performers to give their best. The philosophy of Nestle is to afford and keep up disciplined compensation programs that keep up a long term relationship with employees at the time of judging their performance. Nestle promise to offer compensation packages including base pay, short and long term incentives and benefits,. Nowadays they are competitive in market. P2. Objective of the Organization HRM The protection of its employees is Nestle first priority because employees are the asset of this company. To maintain the global corporate standard Nestle focuses on the need for safe working environments. Nestle has resolved to provide a safe working environment for all their employees, contractors and visitors and they are trying to implement Health and safety practices and programs at all working places objectives of the organization are We provide a safe work place to owe employees. We lessen risks of our employees and contractors and visitors and take care of their injury or illness. We meet all requirements like health, safety, legislative etc. We establish and monitor new purposes to decrease work related injury or illness. We develop an efficient injury management system which helps the affected employees return to work. We supply information, provide training to employees and contractors to make them aware of their roles and responsibilities in decreasing the risk of work place injury or illness. We are encouraged a safety and Health management from our suppliers and contractors. We discuss on Health and safety matters with employees and other stakeholders. Method of HRM at Nestle: The Nestle group in the area of interpersonal relations and its management style and the corporation values of those areas are stated by the Nestle. Their respect demands specific attitude that is worthy to be highlighted in the present policy. For taking any advice and decision Nestle depends on its employees. So Nestle has a Democratic Leadership Style. If the company is able to attract employees and develop its growth continually, they will easily achieve a long term success. This is a primary duty of all managers. The principle of the Nestle policy is to hire staff with personal attitude and professional skills because it will make them able to consolidate a long term relationship with the company. Hence the potential for professional advancement is an important standard for recruitment. So a clear communication of these principles and values are necessary for beginning the recruitment process. In Nestle people are dealt with respect and faith. There is not intolerance, harassment or discrimination in the management and this principle is applied and maintained at every stage and situation. Nestle management does not work in complexity and they are honest in behaving with customers and employees for excellent communication. The Nestle is improving continuously for their sincerity in work, dialogue and transparency. No effective delegation and improvement of knowledge are possible if all information is not conveyed to those who need to do their work properly. To communicate means not only to inform but to listen and to engage also in dialogue and all employees are given right to communicate with their superiors or co-workers. If there is any difference of opinion or any dispute between employee and the superiors the possibility must be offered for a fair hearing. The HR staff of Nestle will help to remove disharmony impartially and give them opportunity to express their opinion freely. P3. HRM Models The source approach to HRM gives importance on an employee to be resourceful who increases performance by using motivation, communication, leadership to increase commitment and loyalty. The soft model considers that if satisfaction is increased it will be the only way to go about in the management against various estimated methods possibly used in the hard model. Best Practices approach of HRM: The approach, inspired partly by Jeffrey Pfeffer (1998) is based on the idea of a set of best, universal HRM practices as per their situation that adopting them lead to superior organizational performances. Some of the best practices Pfeffer (1998) are employment security, selective hiring, self manager teams, High compensation contingent performances training to afford a skilled and motivated workforce, reduction of status differentials and sharing information. P4. THE OBJECTIVE OF HR/MANPOWER PLANNING: Manpower planning is done to balance and develop the organizations ability to meet its goal by developing Strategies that will contribute its optimum contribution of human resource. The line manager and staff manager take the responsibility of Manpower planning. The line management gives the estimate of manpower requirements and staff manager works on selection and recruitment related to line manager to whom man power is vital. Organizations HR Planning and development: What the employee requires can be understood by an effective mechanism called HR planning. HR planning can manage the changes in the organization like growing decrease in requirements of employees. HR planning implements new recruitment and hold skilled and efficient staff by understanding easily the needs of future Workforce Planning Workforce planning is a process which is designed to foretell what, when how much can bring about in talent management. It is an integrated and forward looking process. It provides action plans to the managers to work in a prescribed way. This process helps the managers to avoid or decrease problems of people to take advantage of talent opportunities and to develop the talent pipeline. It builds a competitive advantage over other firms. Goals of Workforce Planning: Workforce planning cuts down labor costs quickly and does not impact on productivity negatively. It makes the leaders and managers prepared for future openings. It fills up sudden vacancy immediately and keeps up a flexible contingent workforce. It moves talent proactively to increase the return on talent. It has target retention activities on talent. It has target retention activities on key talent. Man Power Planning: According to Steiner, manpower planning is a strategy for the acquisition, utilization, improvement and preservation of an enterprises human resources. It refers to setting up job specifications or the quantitative requirements of jobs determining the number of personnel required and improving sources of manpower. The diagnostic approach: Source: www.wikipedia.org This approach helps to understand why manpower problems cause. It is possible by using the combination of qualitative planning techniques and qualitative techniques. Manpower planning is mixed into the total process of management of the employment relationship by identifying the more complex factors. Organizational structure, job design and work practices can be damaged by the effect of the diagnostic approach. Links between strategy, structure and people can be made by Human Resource planning HRP Forms and develops the rationalized and diagnostic approaches to manpower planning. Training and development of Nestle: It must be admitted that the company culture has learning. All employees try to upgrade their skills and knowledge continuously. So employees are willing to learn to be recruited by Nestle. Training and development is done on-the-job. Every manager has a duty to guide and train employees for their progress. Formal training programs are arranged with purpose of improving pertinent skills and competencies. Besides, these programs perform individual development. As a result one cannot get reward by attending programs. Manager of Nestle measures progress which can be achieved by training programs. The purpose behind this is to motivate employees by providing attractive but realistic career that helps them develop their skills over a long-term period within the area of economic reality and a changing environment. The act of mentor is done by each manager for his employees. Formal assessment of Nestle is done once a year on a standard basis. It gives feedback on past performance and future potential. Other related aspects concerning a staff members performance are provided feedback. P5. Objective Evaluation of the Organization Human resource function has significance with the onset of global competition. Human resource managers and corporate planning managers think more strategically and step by step. How intense competition impacts upon employment stability can be addressed by them. Implementing cost savings policies regarding employment and thinking with executives on the process of supporting corporate activities are not the same things. To stop downside of global competition the human resource managers should be more active and recruit and keep up efficient workforce. Planning should be done from the very beginning to stop bloating of organization. Human resource managers should identify human resource strategies like flexible dynamic employees are attracted, selected and then trained and motivated to be more productive than the competition. Human resource managers are not administrators but strategic partners. None but they can act will to help top management particularly in a climate of economic uncertainty. Inspire of being Human Company Nestle has most of the above mentioned qualities seen in the managers of present time. The role of HR at Nestle is changing for certain factors. The HR managers at Nestle focus on following qualities along with professional skills and practical experience. The HR managers should develop and motivate employees by addressing the issues that help others to improve in their work and their ability. The managers should be curious and broadminded and interested in other culture and lifestyles including continuous learning and sharing knowledge and ideas freely with others. P6. Performance Management: The function of performance management is to ensure the fulfillment of goals in an effective and efficient manner. Moreover, it watches performance of organization and process of production, employees etc. Performance Management at Nestle: Line managers and HR assess formally once in a year and get feedback. Subordinate managers can interrogate for an unfair evaluation. The HR department has enlisted specific key performance indicators. Remuneration structure and promotion criteria consider individual performance. HR staff must help the management in elaborating training programs. Sufficient training programs are developed at the level of every working company that capitalizes on the availability of local regional or global resources of the group. Some training programs improve the language skills of the employees. These programs also try to consolidate corporate cohesion as well as to promote networking throughout the group. They develop and share best practices of the different management disciplines practiced in the group. E-learning programs are alternative to formal training programs. Competency profile mapping: Competencies are accumulated by totalizing success factors important for obtaining good results in a particular job or in a particular company at nestle. Success factors are made up of knowledge, skills and attributes that are stated in case of particular behaviors and are exhibited by efficient performers in those works. Attributes include personal characteristics, features, motives, values or ways of thinking affecting an individuals behavior. Competencies in organization can be divided into two categories- personal functioning competencies that include broad success factors untied to a specific work function or industry. These competencies often notice leadership or emotional intelligence behavior. Functional/Technical competencies involve specific success factors within a given work function at nestle. P7. Critical Analysis of HR PERFORMANCE The performance of an organization must be analyzed for the development. This analysis makes revaluation of existing strategy possible and easy to understand the faults so that organization can rectify them at once. Recruitment, training and development of employees caliber have been done with high standards. HR Management provides best working conditions with suitable growth opportunities. Employees must maintain rules and regulation of the country. HR Management keeps the record of the best performing employees and gives them opportunities for growth. This analysis proves the best performance standard of HR dept. in the present market. It is clear that Nestle emphasizes on personal achievement and the pay structure HR has planned for its employees and the company also mixes practices like Job Enrichment and Job enlargement, to motivate employees and to break the monotony of their Job tasks. An example of Job enlargement is the correspondent who acts both in sales and brand manageme nt department. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs: In the year 1950 people accepted the theories of motivation by Maslow. These theories state the process of satisfying peoples requirements in the workplace. The theory explains that dissatisfaction can be created by unsatisfied needs. The hierarchy generally appears to be a pyramid with each level consisting of a certain class of needs. According to Maslow bottom needs of the pyramid are basic needs which are concerned with existence their needs must be met before a persons moving to the next level. Physiological needs: Food, shelter and clothing are the three elementary things essential for man to live on this earth. Only the workplace can satisfy these needs. Safety needs: These needs are concerned with physical survival. Some security needs are high standards of health and safety in the workplace. Job security absence of bullying sufficient rest period pension and sick schemes these needs are fulfilled at Sainsburys. Love and belonging: The work together in a group means to give and receive affection and friendship. The working part of a team, social Facilities and working friendship can satisfy the needs in the workplace. The employees at Sainsburys work together and feel part of a team. Self Esteem: In the workplace all the members should respect each other and feel valued. They should have confidence and self respect. Businesses can offer rewards for achievement or promotion. Self Actualization: All people are offered training challenges and opportunities to develop each individual needs. They should achieve their full potential. Performance related pay (PRP) Performance related pay in an extra payment system added to the base pay. The employees get this payment according to the standard of their performance. Besides, this payment is given to a company after considering how it is performing in financial context. Some forms of PRP are strategic pay, flexible pay, and variable pay. Strategic pay is a pay design process starting with business strategy and organizational design. It disputes against an assumption that certain best practices must be mixed with a companys approach to pay. (Lawler 1995) Flexible pay is that kind of payment system where the pay of the employee is tied to the market situation. In this system the pay of an employee depends on customer satisfaction, customer retention and repeat revenue. The employees will be paid according to their skills and experience rather than job based. This will deploy employees to any projects where their particular skill is required. Variable pay is offered to the employees with financial incentives after they whom their favorable behavior to the business strategy of a company. Heery (1996) recommended importantly that the proportion of pay which is contingent on performance should go up as a proportion of total remuneration. Suggestion for Nestle Communication strategy: There must be an effective communication strategy in Nestle and the employees should be educated and trained about the changes occurring in the organization. Through open to use meetings and bulletins can help to do this. Effective Training and Development: Training and development play a huge role in the practices followed by Nestle. It is an inseparable part of the corporate strategies. In house, trainers conduct most of the training programs. External trainers are required for some specialized training programs., All the employee get the scope of going abroad for training and having an idea of global markets. Entrepreneurship strategy: Every employee should be an entrepreneur who can think ideas independently and realize them by using existing resources and support of the organization to build new kind of product and service. Recruit purposefully: The reason of the expected global shortage of workers is that the baby boomers are choosing to act for short time as their retirement savings have been decreased. If the market comes back fully there can be a mass exodus as the boomers leave the workforce. Company making severe staffing cuts and do not keep their HR people connected to potential hires will be caught severely short staffed. Now savvy companies can hire talented people who have been downsized by other organizations. High HR operation cost should be reduced. The decision making process could be enhanced by leverage of real time information for HR decisions.

Computer System In The Context Of Retail Business :: essays research papers

Computer System in the Context of Retail Business Anthony Wu 11CS2 Today, retailing businesses have to had up to date technology in order to be successful. Accurate, efficient communication sending and receiving can affect the business. So it is very important that to have the latest technology such as computers and networks. Retailing on a local and global scale can also affect how successful is the business. Locally, efficient networking that retailing businesses had allow customers purchase goods more faster such as the new bar-code scanners in supermarkets helps customers reduce time waiting in order to purchase goods. Globally, such as trading, eg: a computer retailing store may like to purchase some stock from over seas, they can make contracts by using the Internet. Computer systems in retail trading on a local and global scale played an important role in today's society. Computer systems such as : the supermarket POS system, provides efficient and accurate calculations when customers purchasing goods. Absolut Software, provides a host of state-of-the-art capabilities vital for increasing sales and productivity. Absolut Software will easily reduce the number of operators and supporting hardware by 15 percent. Absolut Software provides a training mode for novices and a high-speed mode for the experienced. Features: * Complete mailing list management * Promotion tracking * Catalog and telemarketing * Importing sub-system * On-line order entry * Inventory control (multi-site, serialized, lot number, decimal quantities, and style-color-size) * Credit card billing * Computer-driven in-store POS with "Suspend and Hold;" availability displayed * Wildcard search * User-definable extended search * Unlimited text and binary (graphics) storage for key fields * A complete financial (A/R, A/P, G/L) sub-system * E.D.I. And the international network system which brought customers information, e-mail address, and contract forms of customers are interested. A retail computer system can do tasks such as: Stock control is the control and how much stock were around the business, and the price of the items. Eg: Such as the SMART System is a totally integrated and interactive retail business system that includes the following modules: Order Entry, Inventory Management, Sales Analysis, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Monthly Lease, Financial Accounting, Payroll, and Customer Mailing. Modules may be purchased separately if desired. An optional module for contracts and insurance calculation and form printing, known as EZYCALC, is also available and can be integrated into the system. The system was originally programmed for the Retail Furniture Industry but works equally well for any big ticket retail operation. All affected files are updated as each transaction is keyed providing real-time information and reports also the system will handle multiple and remote store operations. Personnel Management is the system which kept the record of employees

16th Century Story-Romeo and Juliet

16th century was the golden period for English literature culminating from the age of Renaissance born from the deathbed of medieval scholasticism to whole new thoughts, ideas and culture. The human thoughts were free from the bondage of fixed principles of Aristotelian philosophy to the doctrines of Christianity. The period of Renaissance implied a perception of greater beauty and polish in the Greek and Latin Scholars. In other words, it was a birth of a kind of new inventiveness in classicism. The renaissance revived ancient classical learning into an arena of Dramatics. Play writers from liturgical play shifted to the miracle to morality and from the morality to the interlude and from their journey began to with the regular drama of Elizabethan age.Play writers began to avoid classicist approach in favor of originality and secular ideas defying the old conventional ways. In this air of new thoughts and ideologies and certain social obstructions plaguing the theater world, there w as born William Shakespeare, a new soul to whom Ben Johnson a worthy rival and harsh critic gave his glowing tribute with these words:â€Å"Soul of the age!Applause! Delight! the wonder of our stage !Triumph, my Britain! Thou hast one to show,To whom all scenes of Europe homage owe.He was not of an age, but for all the time. (Payne & Hunter 2003)Shakespeare genius operated in his capacity to capture the length and breath of human life’s and character in all its complexity and variety and has touched every element of human experience and every segment of human sensibility. Within his plays are interlaced the stories in all his variegated form whether it was passion of Othello or agonized sense and spirited Hamlet or the tortured souls of romantic couple Romeo and Juliet. Story of Romeo and Juliet breathes within the heart and soul of lovers for many generations ahead and is admired and loved by very one.It was Romeo & Juliet that has made Shakespeare realized his full potenti al as play writer, and he could have been 26 years old then and made him stand apart than the rest of his contemporaries.   It was written around 1595 when the major tremor struck London in 1540, and he mentioned this episode through the voice of Nurse in Act 11, scene 3, line 23. (Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation 1996)Romeo and Juliet should not be visualized as only a tragic love story but deep within lies prejudices of tradition and practices that was the hallmark of the society 16th century. Society demanded women and men, both to adhere to family honor by following the tradition of families even if it was at the cost of bloodshed and the end of love. It is a story of love that flourished even though there was a strong rivalry between two families reaching to the extent of killings.Montagues and the Capulets are enemies, always ready to take revenge on each other, entangling themselves in bloody feud on the streets of Verona. Each time one member of a family is killed, h is relatives will be eager to sort revenge by taking blood of the other and if any one found Romeo meeting Juliet, he is sure to get killed. In this environment of deep hatred and bloodshed, Shakespeare gave a very fervent place to love. Lovers enjoy each others company and bestow their affection for each other, and say all what lovers would love to say to each other. Till today, lovers take the example of love of Romeo and Juliet.It is better to die rather than live without their love, is an essence that spreads through Romeo Juliet and within all of us. They both meet strangely and it is misunderstanding that kills them both. It was the love at first sight and it is to the Shakespeare genius that he told to all the lovers the fact that love at first sight could culminate in true love.The story start with these lines:â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands uncl ean† (Act I, Prologue)And amidst all the confusions and in an effort to meet, both Romeo and Juliet die. Their death was the beginning of new rays of hope for the peace. Both died but it was the love finally that won. The play culminates with the words:â€Å"For never was a story of more woe (sorrow) Than this of Juliet and her Romeo†. (Act V, Scene III)Romeo and Juliet have all the elements that could make it a good story. It has a plot, climax, accurate settings, characters, symbolism and theme that have made it one of the masterpieces. Amidst this, Shakespeare has knitted very beautifully elements of both distressing scenes but along with that humor, bloody battles and civil enmity, and naive love and unapprised hate formed the part of this play. The setting of Romeo and Juliet took place in the cities of Verona and Mantua, Italy, within a span of four days. Majority of the action took place at Verona except the scene Act V, scene 1 which occurred in Mantua.The setti ngs reveal the social life with certain political nuances. Verona became a battlefield due to bloody revenges between Capulet and Montague families and it was a place where Romeo and Juliet were told that they should hate each other owing to their genre. Romeo and Juliet shower their love for each other at the fruitful Capulet orchard at Verona, whereas at Mantua, Romeo is exiled after he kills Tybalt.  The lovers took their lives too at the Capulet tomb.Weather also plays a most crucial aspect to settings. It is a month of July when major incidents happen. The July is a hot season good enough to escalate the tempers of every one. Temper of characters rises high quite often even at the slightest pretext and ends only after bloody revenge. Romeo in whose heart there is an ardent love for Juliet; he too takes revenge on Tybalt and is banished. In the end, without any second thought thinking Juliet is dead, he kills himself. The hot weather is also a sign of igniting the sexual and l ove passion between Romeo and Juliet.The play starts with a prologue, as was the general tendency among play writers of that era, which is followed by the sequence of events covered in five acts. Unlike other Shakespearean plays, there is a single plot, which is enacted onstage and is in chronological order. There are no flashbacks and the focus is shown on Romeo throughout the play. The structure of plot is very well developed with exposition, climax, rising and falling action, denouement and symbolism. The climax arises at several points in the story. In one of them, it reaches the point when Juliet takes a drink pretending to be dead and Romeo did not receive the correct letter.Shakespeare uses less of symbolism yet it is a very important part of the play. Light and Dark images reflects the intensity of love that is sparking between Romeo and Juliet and their glory of happiness when they are together and sadness when separated. The light and dark images are the symbolic of devili sh yet powerful forces bringing them together and also separating them. Darkness brings Romeo and Juliet together whereas light separates them, but darkness again prevails when Romeo dies. In other words, world is not stable but is a constantly changing.There is always a light after day and day after light. The other symbols are swords representing violent attitude and poison which is not basically evil as it was given to Juliet by Friar Lawrence to make her appear dead. But the irony of the fact is that this potion became a cause of the death. Thus it adopts dual purpose. It became a cause of death but rejoined the two bitter enemies. Another symbol thumb biting by the buffoonish Samson is not a very important symbol but shows the incoherent pride and vulgur display of power.Romeo and Juliet’s characters breath life but not much effort is given to character development. Unlike Macbeth, it is a plot that has generated much interest. The more emphasis is give to the character of Romeo who looses temper very soon. He is just a teen whose love at first sight changes the whole scenario and life of both the families.Shakespeare is world’s greatest play writer and all this elements are so well structured together that they make us realize emotions and appeals of lovebirds within our souls. Society crushed their love by their intriguing patterns and traditional approach, yet from the play, also emerges that eventually in the end it is the love only that always blossom.Romeo and Juliet is a true reflection of society of 15-16th century. Royal families pride and their sense of revenge take their and their relatives and even their children on the bed of blood. But this is not an end though Romeo and Juliet died yet they are there within all of us inspiring in us the true love.With poetic diction and eloquent words, Shakespeare challenges the old traditional ways to give fresh lease of life. It is an end of Romeo and Juliet but a beginning for many more Rom eo and Juliet’s in this world.REFERENCE LISTBates Alfred. 1906. ROMEO AND JULIET: An analysis of the play by Shakespeare The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization Vol. 14. pp. 6-13. London: Historical Publishing Company. Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.theatrehistory.com/british/romeoandjuliet001.htmlHazlitt William. 1817. ROMEO AND JULIET: An analysis of the play by William Shakespeare. (Originally published in Characters of Shakespeare's Plays. London: C.H. Reynell) Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from W.W.W:http://www.theatredatabase.com/16th_century/william_shakespeare_010.htmlJohnson Bill. The Power and Passion of Love and Hate: A Review of Romeo and Juliet. Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.storyispromise.com/rjoutlin.htmMabillard   Amanda. 2000. (Updated: 2006) An Analysis of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.   Shakespeare Online. Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from http://www.shakespeare-online.com/playanal ysis/romeocommentary.htmlMowat Barbara A.   and Werstine Paul. 1992. Romeo and Juliet. New Folger Library Shakespeare edition.Payne Michael & Hunter John. 2003. Renaissance Literature: An Anthology. Blackwell Publishing.Shakespeare William.2001. Romeo and Juliet (Contributor Roma Gill) Published by Oxford University Press.Siegal Paul N. 1961. Christianity and the Religion of Love in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare Quarterly 12(4) pp. 371-392Smirnov Aleksandr. 1936. Shakespeare: A Marxist Interpretation. (Translated by SONIA VOLOCHOVA, Transcribed by Sally Ryan for marxists.org, 2000.) New York: The Critics Group.Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. 1996. The Tragedy. Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.romeoandjuliet.com/setting/tragedy.html